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Compare Djibouti (2008) - Atlantic Ocean (2007)

Compare Djibouti (2008) z Atlantic Ocean (2007)

 Djibouti (2008)Atlantic Ocean (2007)
 DjiboutiAtlantic Ocean
Administrative divisions 6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah -
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 107,957/female 107,233)


15-64 years: 53.2% (male 137,111/female 126,952)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 8,626/female 8,495) (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides -
Airports 13 (2007) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
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Area total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
total: 76.762 million sq km


note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the US
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but also has strong ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.
Birth rate 39.07 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Budget revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million (1999 est.)
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Capital name: Djibouti


geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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Climate desert; torrid, dry tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November
Coastline 314 km 111,866 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 -
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti


local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
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Death rate 19.23 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Debt - external $428 million (2006) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador W. Stuart SYMINGTON


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
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Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
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Disputes - international Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; thousands of Somali refugees await repatriation in UNHCR camps in Djibouti some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $78.6 million (2005) -
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in the Horn of Africa. Two-thirds of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports and exports from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia represent 85% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of nearly 60% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% between 1999 and 2006 because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea).
Electricity - consumption 226.9 million kWh (2006) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2006) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2006) -
Electricity - production 306 million kWh (2006) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian) -
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.71 (2007), 174.75 (2006), 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
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Exports 19.13 bbl/day (2004) -
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) -
Exports - partners Somalia 66.2%, Ethiopia 21.4%, Yemen 3.4% (2006) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3.2%


industry: 14.9%


services: 81.9% (2006)
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GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2006) -
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 0 00 N, 25 00 W
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
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Imports 11,860 bbl/day (2004) -
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products -
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 21.4%, India 17.9%, China 11%, Ethiopia 4.6% (2006) -
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) -
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) -
Industries construction, agricultural processing -
Infant mortality rate total: 100.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 108.35 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 92.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2005 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO -
Irrigated land 10 sq km (2003) -
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme -
Labor force 282,000 (2000) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
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Land boundaries total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
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Land use arable land: 0.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.96% (2005)
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Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar -
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations -
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 8 February 2008 (next to be held 2013)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP (coalition of parties associated with President Ismail Omar GUELLAH) 65
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Life expectancy at birth total population: 43.25 years


male: 41.88 years


female: 44.65 years (2007 est.)
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Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 67.9%


male: 78%


female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
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Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia body of water between Africa, Europe, the Southern Ocean, and the Western Hemisphere
Map references Africa Political Map of the World
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2007)
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Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.8% (2006) -
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) -
Nationality noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
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Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)
Natural resources geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD; Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ -
Political pressure groups and leaders Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, and UDJ) -
Population 496,374 (July 2007 est.) -
Population below poverty line 42% (2007 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.984% (2007 est.) -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) -
Railways total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but remains largely inoperable (2006)
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Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.007 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.015 male(s)/female


total population: 1.045 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
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Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network; mobile cellular coverage is limited to the area in and around Djibouti city


international: country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
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Telephones - main lines in use 10,800 (2005) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 44,100 (2005) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) -
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin
Total fertility rate 5.23 children born/woman (2007 est.) -
Transportation - note - Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US
Unemployment rate 59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007 est.) -
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